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A wearable, app-controlled wireless device that stimulates nerves in the legs and feet may help individuals with cancer who suffer from burning and shooting pain and cramping in their lower limbs brought on by chemotherapy, a new study showed.

The clinical trial, led by Wilmot Cancer Institute members Jennifer Gewandter, PhD, MPH, and Nimish Mohile, MD, MS, is the first randomized placebo-controlled study to test daily home-delivered transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation () therapy among cancer patients with neuropathy. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has already approved the same TENS device for patients with fibromyalgia-related pain.

Nimish Mohile, MD

“Painful neuropathy is such a challenge for patients with cancer and many are reluctant to add more medications to their list. This study opens up an option that is safe and will not interact with other treatments that they might be undergoing,” said Mohile, the neuro-oncology division chief at Wilmot. 

The cancer clinical trial involved 142 people with an average age of 63, and showed that TENS therapy reduced sharp/shooting pain and hot/burning pain, and cramping in the legs and feet. Neuropathy impacts up to 60 percent of people who are prescribed common chemotherapies. Neuropathic pain can be severe and debilitating, or intermittent, and often leads to impaired walking, balance issues, and lower quality of life. There are a couple of drugs available to treat chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, although they do not work for everyone.

Plus, the study authors said, many patients prefer to avoid more drugs for neuropathy after receiving toxic cancer treatment.  

A key goal of the study was to determine if a larger, nationwide confirmatory clinical trial is possible. Results on that front were also positive: Over 90 percent of the trial participants completed daily symptom diaries and physical assessments, suggesting that it’s feasible to accurately gauge patient experiences with TENS devices. Results of the study were recently .

“I am very excited about our trial results,” Gewandter said. “TENS treatment is non-invasive and safe, and the wireless app-controlled device is quite convenient.”

Jennifer Gewandter, PhD

Digital TENS units are controlled by apps. In this case, the TENS device sat in a band that was positioned on the leg, below the knee — with stimulation that extended down toward the feet. The app delivers high-frequency wave stimulation, which activates nerve cells causing changes in nerves that block pain signals.

Gewandter noted a few important points:

• TENS devices are available to the general public online and over-the-counter at many stores. If cancer patients with chronic neuropathy pain choose to try TENS therapy at home, Gewandter said, they should consult their oncologist or other doctor first. In the clinical study, patients used the device for a maximum of five hours a day, with three hours total of nerve stimulation within the five-hour period. (Details of the prescribed times are , in the “Intervention” section of the study.)
• TENS therapy should be avoided by people with pacemakers and epilepsy.  
• Individuals who use TENS therapy can sometimes develop skin reactions and experience abnormal sensations. Reducing the intensity of the nerve stimulation and the time of use can help with those side effects, Gewandter said.
• Researchers must conduct a larger study in cancer patients before pushing for TENS treatment to be added to official clinical guidelines. However, the magnitude of improvement for patients in the current study was similar to a previous, smaller study. “These two independent findings make me very optimistic,” she said. Mohile added that he would consider recommending it to suitable patients in his clinics.

A larger trial would be conducted through the National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program (), for which Wilmot serves as a national hub.

The nerve-stimulating device used in the currently published Wilmot clinical trial is called Quell, manufactured by , a Massachusetts company founded in 1996 as a spin-off from the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology. NeuroMetrix provided the product for research; Gerwandter disclosed that in the past she has received some compensation from NeuroMetrix for serving on its scientific advisory board and a small grant to investigate the effects of the TENS device on swelling. The National Institutes of Health funded the study.

Gewandter is an associate professor in the departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Dentistry, and Neurosurgery. Mohile is the Ann Aresty Camhi Professor of Neurology, and a professor of Oncology.