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Alexandra M. Livingstone, Ph.D.

Alexandra M. Livingstone, Ph.D.

About Me

Faculty Appointments

Research Associate Professor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology (SMD)

Research Associate Professor - Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology - Joint

Credentials

Education

PhD | UK-Cambridge U Med Sch. Immunology. 1983

BS | UK-U Edinburgh Fac Med. Molecular Biology. 1977

Research

The generation of immunological memory is essential for protection against subsequent infections. My lab works on CD8+ T cell memory. We have developed model systems for generating long-lasting CD8+ T cell memory under conditions where the antigen is unlikely to persist for more than a few days. Mic...
The generation of immunological memory is essential for protection against subsequent infections. My lab works on CD8+ T cell memory. We have developed model systems for generating long-lasting CD8+ T cell memory under conditions where the antigen is unlikely to persist for more than a few days. Mice are immunised with dendritic cells pulsed with peptides defining class I epitopes; memory is evaluated by cytokine production or cytotoxicity after in vitro restimulation with antigen. CD8+ T cell priming in this system is entirely dependent on CD4+ T cell help, but does not require B cells or antibody. Mice immunised with peptide-pulsed DC show peptide-specific memory cytotoxic responses more than a year after immunisation; in contrast, protective memory declines quite sharply 8-15 days after immunisation. We are currently testing whether this is due to death of antigen-specific cells, or to their reversion to a less activated state in the absence of antigen.

Until recently, research on memory has depended on functional assays that measure memory responses at the population level. It is now possible, however, to identify antigen-specific cells using techniques that don't rely on functional assays (TCR-transgenics, MHC-peptide tetramers); in addition, the frequency of antigen-specific cells can be estimated using single cell assays for cytokine production (flow cytometry, elispots) that are very much more sensitive than limiting dilution analysis for CTL precursors. We are now combining these techniques with the DC immunisation protocol to ask basic questions about the behaviour of CD8+ memory T cells, to design successful vaccination strategies against the relevant pathogens.

Publications

Journal Articles

Ross TL, Na R, Au-Yeung G, DeFazio A, Friedlander M, Sivakumaran T, Livingstone K, Nagle CM, O'Neill H, Williams M, Webb PM, Beesley VL

Gynecologic oncology.. 2024 August 14190 :53-61. Epub 08/14/2024.

Livingstone AM

Canadian review of sociology = Revue canadienne de sociologie.. 2022 November 59 (4):557-559. Epub 11/02/2022.

Prizant H, Patil N, Negatu S, Bala N, McGurk A, Leddon SA, Hughson A, McRae TD, Gao YR, Livingstone AM, Groom JR, Luster AD, Fowell DJ

Cell reports.. 2021 August 1036 (6):109523. Epub 1900 01 01.

Wu EK, Henkes ZI, McGowan B, Bell RD, Velez MJ, Livingstone AM, Ritchlin CT, Schwarz EM, Rahimi H

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2019 December 1203 (11):2837-2849. Epub 10/28/2019.

Pichichero ME, Casey JR, Almudevar A, Basha S, Surendran N, Kaur R, Morris M, Livingstone AM, Mosmann TR

The Journal of infectious diseases.. 2016 June 15213 (12):2014-9. Epub 02/09/2016.

Rebhahn JA, Deng N, Sharma G, Livingstone AM, Huang S, Mosmann TR

European journal of immunology.. 2014 August 44 (8):2216-29. Epub 1900 01 01.

Miao H, Sangster MY, Livingstone AM, Hilchey SP, Zhang L, Topham DJ, Mosmann TR, Holden-Wiltse J, Perelson AS, Wu H, Zand MS

PloS one.. 2014 9 (8):e104781. Epub 08/29/2014.

Wu H, Kumar A, Miao H, Holden-Wiltse J, Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM, Belz GT, Perelson AS, Zand MS, Topham DJ

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2011 November 1187 (9):4474-82. Epub 09/23/2011.

Ontiveros F, Wilson EB, Livingstone AM

Immunology.. 2011 April 132 (4):549-58. Epub 01/24/2011.

Livingstone AM, Wilson EB, Ontiveros F, Wang JC

Immunologic research.. 2009 December 45 (2-3):209-17. Epub 02/18/2009.

Hilchey SP, Hyrien O, Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM, Friedberg JW, Young F, Fisher RI, Kelleher RJ, Bankert RB, Bernstein SH

Blood.. 2009 April 16113 (16):3809-12. Epub 02/04/2009.

Stankiewicz AR, Livingstone AM, Mohseni N, Mosser DD

Cell death and differentiation.. 2009 April 16 (4):638-47. Epub 01/16/2009.

Wilson EB, Livingstone AM

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2008 December 1181 (11):7445-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

Mosmann TR, Livingstone AM

Nature immunology.. 2004 June 5 (6):564-6. Epub 1900 01 01.

Wang JC, Livingstone AM

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 2003 December 15171 (12):6339-43. Epub 1900 01 01.

Snyder JE, Bowers WJ, Livingstone AM, Lee FE, Federoff HJ, Mosmann TR

Nature medicine.. 2003 February 9 (2):231-5. Epub 01/21/2003.

Livingstone AM, Kuhn M

European journal of immunology.. 2002 January 32 (1):281-90. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone AM, Kuhn M

European journal of immunology.. 1999 September 29 (9):2826-34. Epub 1900 01 01.

Garcia-Sanz JA, Mikulits W, Livingstone A, Lefkovits I, Müllner EW

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.. 1998 March 12 (3):299-306. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone A

Methods : a companion to Methods in enzymology.. 1996 June 9 (3):422-9. Epub 1900 01 01.

Koch F, Trockenbacher B, Kämpgen E, Grauer O, Stössel H, Livingstone AM, Schuler G, Romani N

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 1995 July 1155 (1):93-100. Epub 1900 01 01.

Ruberti G, Sellins KS, Hill CM, Germain RN, Fathman CG, Livingstone A

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1992 January 1175 (1):157-62. Epub 1900 01 01.

Morel PA, Walker JA, Livingstone AM, Tweardy DJ, Cairns JS

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.. 1991 December 30636 :386-9. Epub 1900 01 01.

Shizuru JA, Taylor-Edwards C, Livingstone A, Fathman CG

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1991 September 1174 (3):633-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

Ruberti G, Gaur A, Fathman CG, Livingstone AM

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1991 July 1174 (1):83-92. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone A, Edwards CT, Shizuru JA, Fathman CG

The Journal of immunology : official journal of the American Association of Immunologists.. 1991 January 15146 (2):529-34. Epub 1900 01 01.

Ruberti G, Livingstone A, Danska JS, Gaur A, Fathman CG

Research in immunology. 1991 142 (5-6):491-3. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone AM, Powis SJ, Günther E, Cramer DV, Howard JC, Butcher GW

Immunogenetics.. 1991 34 (3):157-63. Epub 1900 01 01.

Danska JS, Livingstone AM, Paragas V, Ishihara T, Fathman CG

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1990 July 1172 (1):27-33. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone AM, Powis SJ, Diamond AG, Butcher GW, Howard JC

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1989 September 1170 (3):777-95. Epub 1900 01 01.

Romani N, Koide S, Crowley M, Witmer-Pack M, Livingstone AM, Fathman CG, Inaba K, Steinman RM

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1989 March 1169 (3):1169-78. Epub 1900 01 01.

Morel PA, Livingstone AM, Fathman CG

The Journal of experimental medicine.. 1987 August 1166 (2):583-8. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone AM, Fathman CG

Annual review of immunology.. 1987 5 :477-501. Epub 1900 01 01.

Livingstone A, Fathman CG

Methods in enzymology.. 1987 150 :324-33. Epub 1900 01 01.

The specificity of responses against RT1.C antigens.

Stephenson, S.P.; Livingstone, A.M.; Howards, J.C.; Butcher, G.W.

Transplantation Proceedings. 1985; 17: 1844.

Recombination within the MHC can change the specificity of class I major transplantation antigens.

Livingstone, A.M.; Butcher, G.W.; Howard, J.C.

Transplantation Proceedings. 1983; 15: 1557.

STEPHEN J, LIVINGSTONE AM

Journal.. 1953 November 73 (6):675-92. Epub 1900 01 01.

Books

Molecular Mechanisms of Immunological Self-Recognition. (1993)

Chapter: T cells involved in inductive events in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus.

Authors: Fathman, C.G.; Danska, J.S.; Livingstone, A.M.; Shizuru, J.A.

Publisher: Academic Press 1993

Molecular Evolution of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. (1991)

Chapter: Antigen presentation by neoclassical MHC class I gene products in murine rodents.

Authors: Wang, C.-R.; Livingstone, A.M.; Butcher, G.W.; Hermel, E.; Howard, J.C.; Fischer Lindahl, K.

Publisher: Springer-Verlag 1991

The T Cell Receptor (1988)

Chapter: T Cell Structure/Function

Authors: Hedrick, S. M.; Livingstone, A.

Publisher: Alan Liss, Inc. 1988